Rconover As a general rule, the notation of mathematical operations is the same way in which it is denoted in C(as many languages follow the same format as C). For square root, a simple sqrt(#) will work. For example, the energy of the hydrogen in a litre of water(111 g, 0.111 kg) is 9,976,152,002.304 joules. So, following E=mc^2 I will get the speed of light. 9,976,152,002.304=0.111c^2 9,976,152,002.304/0.111=(0.111c^2)/0.111 sqrt(89,875,243,264)=sqrt(c^2) 299,792=c Therefore, 299792 km/s is the speed of light(km is used because we used kg for hydrogen).